Combining Transformed and Constrained Gibbs Energies for Modeling Biochemical Systems
نویسندگان
چکیده
The application of thermodynamics in biology and biochemistry has recently gained increasing interest due to the general trend where substitutes for petrochemicals and entirely new, sustainable means of production are being sought. Biochemical pathways involved in biological production steps can be modified by metabolic engineering. The methodical improvement of these systems requires detailed analysis of the underlying reaction networks. While tedious and often costly experimental work is required to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of reactions and their kinetic parameters, advanced thermodynamic methods provide an alternative approach to look for the most promising pathways [1].
منابع مشابه
Calculation of constrained equilibria by Gibbs energy minimization
The Gibbs energy minimization encompasses active use of the chemical potentials (partial molar Gibbs energies) of the constituents of the system. Usually, these appear at their equilibrium values as a result of the minimization calculation, the mass balance constraints being the necessary subsidiary conditions. Yet, there are several such physico-chemical circumstances where the system is also ...
متن کاملRecommendations for terminology and databases for biochemical thermodynamics.
Chemical equations are normally written in terms of specific ionic and elemental species and balance atoms of elements and electric charge. However, in a biochemical context it is usually better to write them with ionic reactants expressed as totals of species in equilibrium with each other. This implies that atoms of elements assumed to be at fixed concentrations, such as hydrogen at a specifi...
متن کاملThermodynamics of Enzyme-Catalysed Reactions
Since the pH is treated as an independent variable in biochemical thermodynamics, the Gibbs energy G does not provide the criterion for equilibrium, but the transformed Gibbs energy G’ does. The standard transformed Gibbs energy of formation DfG’ of a reactant (sum of species) can be calculated at the desired temperature, pH, and ionic strength if the standard Gibbs energies of formation DfG an...
متن کاملMean Activity Coefficients Measurements and Thermodynamic Modeling of the Ternary Mixed Electrolyte KCl + Lactose + Water System at T = 298.15 K
In this work, the mean activity coefficients of KCl in the KCl+lactose +water system were determined using the potentiometric method. The electromotive force measurements were carried out on the galvanic cell without liquid junction of the type: Ag|AgCl|KCl (m), lactose (wt.%), H2O (1−wt.) %|K-ISE, in various mixed solvent systems containing 0, 5,7.5, 10 and 12.5 % mass fractions of lactose. Th...
متن کاملApplication of Electrochemistry to Determination of Transfer Gibbs Energies and Autoprotolysis Constants for Aqueous Mixtures of Dimethyl Sulfoxide
A practical potentiometric method was applied successfully to experimental electrochemical data in order to determine the autoprotolysis constants (pKap) of water + dimethyl sulfoxide mixtures containing 0-90 % of DMSO by volume at 25° C and 0.1 M ionic strength was maintained in each mixture by NaClO4 solution. The results indicated that water-DMSO mixtures are more basic media than pure water...
متن کامل